Critic Harold Bloom stated that "satiric parody is the center of Dostoyevsky's art." ĭostoyevsky investigated human nature. The short story Bobok, found in A Writer's Diary, is "one of the greatest menippeas in all world literature", but examples can also be found in " The Dream of a Ridiculous Man", the first encounter between Raskolnikov and Sonja in Crime and Punishment, which is "an almost perfect Christianised menippea", and in "The Legend of the Grand Inquisitor". According to Bakhtin, Dostoyevsky revived satire as a genre combining comedy, fantasy, symbolism, adventure, and drama in which mental attitudes are personified. īakhtin argues that Dostoyevsky's works can be placed in the tradition of menippean satire. It is this innovation, according to Bakhtin, that made the co-existence of disparate genres within an integrated whole artistically successful in Dostoevsky's case. For Mikhail Bakhtin, 'the idea' is central to Dostoevsky's poetics, and he called him the inventor of the polyphonic novel, in which multiple "idea-voices" co-exist and compete with each other on their own terms, without the mediation of a 'monologising' authorial voice. Characters are brought together in extraordinary situations for the provoking and testing of the philosophical ideas by which they are dominated.
Dostoevsky engages with profound philosophical and social problems by using the techniques of the adventure novel as a means of " testing the idea and the man of the idea". the sublime with the grotesque, and push images and phenomena of everyday reality to the limits of the fantastic." Grossman saw Dostoevsky as the inventor of an entirely new novelistic form, in which an artistic whole is created out of profoundly disparate genres-the religious text, the philosophical treatise, the newspaper, the anecdote, the parody, the street scene, the grotesque, the pamphlet-combined within the narrative structure of an adventure novel. According to Leonid Grossman, Dostoevsky wanted "to introduce the extraordinary into the very thick of the commonplace, to fuse. Though sometimes described as a literary realist, a genre characterized by its depiction of contemporary life in its everyday reality, Dostoevsky saw himself as a "fantastic realist". After his release from prison his writing style moved away from what Apollon Grigoryev called the "sentimental naturalism" of his earlier works and became more concerned with the dramatization of psychological and philosophical themes. Dostoyevsky was "an explorer of ideas", greatly affected by the sociopolitical events which occurred during his lifetime. Elements of gothic fiction, romanticism, and satire can be found in his writings. Influences from other writers are evident, especially in his early works, leading to accusations of plagiarism but his style gradually developed over his career.
His early works emphasised realism and naturalism, as well as social issues such as the differences between the poor and the rich.
Dostoevsky was deeply Eastern Orthodox and religious themes are found throughout his works, especially in those written after his release from prison in 1854. The themes in the writings of Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky (frequently transliterated as "Dostoyevsky"), which consist of novels, novellas, short stories, essays, epistolary novels, poetry, spy fiction and suspense, include suicide, poverty, human manipulation, and morality. Portrait of Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1872 painted by Vasily Perov
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